First let’s define externality Essay

For instance of the above definition: Contamination from a production line can influence the wellbeing of close by inhabitants †negative a similar industrial facility can give employments to close by occupants †positive Negative externality is two section: creation and utilization. I will utilize both these externalities in my following conversation on contamination. Organizations contaminate on three unique stages: air, water and land. Air contamination is brought about by: †¢Factories †¢Power plants †¢Vehicles †¢Solvents †¢Domestic/modern synthetics †¢Military †¢Natural causes †spring of gushing lava, out of control fires (ref: aboutairpollution.co.za) Water contamination is brought about by: †¢Urbanization oLand upset from development oChemical contamination from mines, ventures, and so on oInadequate sewage and treatment †¢Deforestation †¢Damming of streams †¢Destruction of wetlands (ref: www.randwater.co.za) Land contamination is brought about by: †¢Domestic, atomic squanders and mechanical squanders, †¢deforestation †¢human sewage †¢mining and different production lines †¢increased automation †¢ Sewage released into streams as opposed to being dealt with appropriately †¢ Sanitary/dangerous landfill drainage †¢ Cemeteries †¢Scrap yards (squander oil and substance seepage) (ref: www.wikianswers.com) You will note from the over that contamination is an intriguing issue and one of the most ordinarily used to characterize negative externality. The above reasons for contamination fill in as a bleak token of the obvious and generally imperceptible impact on the customers. Furthermore, it positively isn't determined into the economy. The expenses and advantages of contamination can be determined by financial analysts however this won't lessen its effect, simply factor into the expense of creation of merchandise. What will affect on the economy is the interest for contamination free living and the buying choice that will permit this. The accompanying hardly any models originate from my own ‘green’ list: †¢Diesel rather than petroleum †¢Switching of pointless power sources †¢Organic nourishments inside my spending plan †¢No smoking †¢Living in a ‘leafy’ suburb A great deal of South Africans (and world) residents are settling on cognizant purchasing choices to decrease the impacts of an Earth-wide temperature boost and the consumption of the ozone layer. The expenses of living ‘green’ is higher than normal and the economy will consider the to be of this as shoppers request ‘cleaner’ day to day environments. In what manner would governments be able to help decrease or dispose of negative externality? †¢Increase burdens on household toxins, for example, cigarettes, solvents, and so forth †¢Pollution charge for ventures †¢Pollution constrains on outflows †¢Focus on private and business zoning and the impact on the general condition †¢New business/private structures must incorporate ‘green’ innovation and utilities †¢Providing separate canisters for appropriate item reusing †household, business and modern †¢The abolishment of ‘shanty towns’ for legitimate lodging (source Ref: www.factsanddetails.com, www.statssa.gov.za, www.thinkquest.org, Economics: Global and South African Perspectives, Michael Parkin )

Four Common Idioms from Shakespeare

Four Common Idioms from Shakespeare Four Common Idioms from Shakespeare Four Common Idioms from Shakespeare By Maeve Maddox What do the accompanying models from the Web share for all intents and purpose? Changing my mindâ is not something that happens often. Its a basic case ofâ meâ statingâ myâ point andâ refusing to move an inchâ from it.â US Recovery Cold Comfort for Unemployed Are your kidsâ eatingâ youâ out of house and homeâ during the mid year? . I wrongly bought him an egg plate of mixed greens sandwich, even thoughâ in my innermost being I knewâ he wouldnt like or eat it. Every one contains an expression from Shakespeare that is still in boundless use. decline to move an inch In the edge story of The Taming of the Shrew, inebriated Christopher Sly has been tossed out of a hotel. A hotel worker takes steps to call the law on him, yet Sly will not be threatened by the danger. He advises the worker to call whom he will, yet that he’ll â€Å"not move an inch.† Sly uses the articulation actually: he won't genuinely move from where he quickly nods off. In present day utilization, the maxim is normally utilized metaphorically with the significance, â€Å"stand firm,† â€Å"refuse to change one’s brain on a matter.† limited consolidation Shakespeare utilizes this articulation in two plays: The Taming of the Shrew and King John. In the Shrew, Grumio utilizes the articulation in a protracted and off color punning trade with another worker. In King John, the ruler, passing on of toxic substance, experiences a consuming fever. At the point when his orderlies ask how he believes, he reacts hyperbolically, embodying Winter and reprimanding them for not asking winter: to make his somber breezes kiss my dry lips What's more, comfort me with cold. I don't ask you much; I ask limited consolidation; and you are so waterway Thus ingrateful you deny me that. In current utilization, â€Å"cold comfort† is utilized allegorically in settings in which something that is acceptable in one sense isn't sufficient reassurance for the individuals who don't profit by it. For instance, the updates on a drop in joblessness is â€Å"cold comfort† to individuals who stay jobless. to eat one out of house and home In Henry IV, Part 2, Hostess Quickly of the Boar’s Head bar has called the law on Falstaff since he has added to an unpaid bill of 100 imprints. At the point when the Lord Chief Justice requests subtleties, she says, â€Å"He hath eaten me out of house and home; he hath put all my substance into that fat stomach of his.† In current use, the articulation is by all accounts particularly basic regarding young people. in my innermost being Shakespeare places the articulation in Hamlet’s mouth, in spite of the fact that without a plural: Give me that man That isn't passion’s slave, and I will wear him In my heart’s center, ay, in my heart of heart. Hamlet is lauding Horatio for being the sort of man who can be trusted. In present day utilization the expression â€Å"heart of hearts† implies, â€Å"the seat of one’s most genuine feelings.† The articulation is particularly mainstream on dating locales. For instance: The most significant inquiry to pose to yourself is this: In your innermost self, do you accept that the person in question is the all in all? Cheerful Birthday, Shakespeare! He was not of an age, yet forever!- Ben Jonson (1572-1637) William Shakespeare Conceived: April 23, 1564 Passed on: April 23, 1616 Related posts Shakespeare’s Vocabulary Book Titles From Shakespeare Wellsprings of Titles Drawn from Shakespeare 20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays The Most Unkindest Cut of All Thou Lily-livered Boy Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?44 Resume Writing Tips7 Proofreading Steps

Sophomore Slump

Sophomore Slump “I pulled a sophomore stupid” said my friend as we tried to finish up our last problem set of the year. I laughed, and felt my heart sink as I remembered what it really meant and how we all have done it. We all pulled a sophomore stupid.  I reached my limits, and I really think I learned a lot about what I am capable of. I pre-registered for six classes at the beginning of this semester. There was a CI-H, which I needed to take, but it was the same night as a Writing Science Fiction class that I wanted to take.  I showed up for Writing Science Fiction on the first day extremely excited. Science fiction is my favorite genre, and I would love to take a course from a real science fiction writer. However, the professor only took seniors and juniors, so my sophomore friend and I did not get in. So I was down to four technical classes. I e-mailed a professor about taking her 9-unit class as a fifth class so that I could get a HASS requirement out of the way, but I got no reply and heard from a friend that the class was full. The four technical classes were brutal ones. The first was 3.012, which is a 15-unit two-part class consisting of a structure of materials component and thermodynamics component. The professors were incredible, but the material was extremely frightening. I struggled through the semester, constantly feeling behind, especially after I got sick a few times. Once I started to get healthier, I finally accepted that there was no feasible way I could learn the material on my own and catch up with the class. I met with the TA’s and Student Support Services and I finally asked for a tutor in the class. My tutor was awesome and helped me through the material, and she helped me understand that what I am going through in the class is not just happening to me. Sophomore fall is the most difficult part of my major, and after this it gets a lot better.  I really do feel like I learned a ton in the class, and I have accepted that there was no way I could have tried any harder than I did. I now un derstand all about how materials function, and I feel like I can apply these to real life situations, like we did in my second technical class, 3.014. My second technical class was 3.014, which is a CI-M.  CI-M stands for Communication Intensive class for your Major.  The class involved writing papers and other writing assignments, which would get graded on a technical and writing scale. I did really well in the class, and even enjoyed it to a point. However, all of the assignments were due at the same times and the amount of work was extreme. The Monday of Thanksgiving break week we had 30% of our final grade due. It was an extremely time consuming class, but it definitely reinforced what I learned in 3.012. I am excited, however, to get away from 4-hour lab blocks for a month or two. Also, I got an A in the class. Thats right, I GOT MY FIRST A AT MIT!!! I am so happy!!  I actually never thought I could do it.  I thought that MIT didnt give As for classes.  Apparenlty professors have the option to put an A on our grade reports, and every once in a while they do it! My third technical class was 3.016, mathematical methods for materials. This class basically taught us how to solve really difficult problems using Mathematica. I am not a programmer, but I did learn some basic skills that were really helpful.  In the end, I made a really cool visualization modeling the Brownian motion of polymers. I definitely learned a lot in this class, and the instructor was really awesome. My last technical class was 5.12, organic chemistry.  This class was my sophomore exploratory.  Sophomore exploratory is a beautiful thing where the drop date for the class is extended until the next semester.  The sophomore exploratory option was perfect for me for this class because 5.12 would not actually count towards the requirements for my major, it was just a class that I really wanted to take because I am really passionate about polymer science. 5.12 ended up taking too much time away from my other classes, and I had to switch it to listener at the end of the semester.  Still, I feel like I now have a basic understanding of chemical reactions and definitely got a lot out of my experience in the class. So those were my classes that I did and did not take, and in the end I really have no regrets. Last semester I was pushed to and past my limits. I learned more than I ever had before about myself and about how to do MIT.  MIT truly is a place where you are forced to drink from the firehose, yet I somehow cannot picture myself anywhere else. And all of my friends are going through the same thing, supporting each other along the way. There are student support services, mental health, our parents, the Medlinks, UAAP, and so many other people around us making sure that we are staying healthy and getting through our sophomore slumps, and that is what gets us through it all in the end. There were a few others things keeping me busy in my very little free time this past semester. Medlinks I have been very involved in Medlinks here on campus. Medlinks is a student organization that helps students with all things health â€" from scrapes to gastroenteritis outbreaks to eating healthy.  I really enjoy being a Medlink and I recently got recognition for all my effort as Medlink of the Month! We even had a Meet the Medlinks event that was a real success last semester in East Campus. There was a lot of great food and there were a lot of great Medlinks! We also made goodie bags for all the residents of East Campus to help people get through finals! Associate Advising I am having a lot of fun being an associate advisor this year, and I really want to continue to do this during my time here at MIT!  Although I am still trying to figure out things for myself, I really want to offer whatever advice I can to freshmen and try to make their time at MIT the best it can be! At the end of last semester, the advisor for our group and I took our advisees out to Toscaninis, the best ice cream business in the Boston area.  Our advisor knows the owner of Toscis, and we got to sit around and talk about the ice cream business, creation process, and eat a bunch of really great samples! Additionally, I made our advisees care packages for finals week!  I hope they liked them! Pistol I have not been nearly as involved in pistol as I would have liked to be this semester, but our team did really well this year! I did get to go to one away match at West Point, and it was so much fun! I love going on away matches because I feel like I get to bond with the team and get to know them.  We also got to hang out with a bunch of the army kids, and we even took them out to get ice cream with us one night!  MIT also beat West Point in the Sport Pistol Event, and Yale in every event!  We have really been kicking butt this season. UPOP MIT has this really cool program called the Undergraduate Practice Opportunities Program, or UPOP, that helps sophomores practice professionalism and get an internship or other cool opportunity for the summer after their sophomore year.  Through UPOP, I got connected to an awesome company called TMK IPSCO, which is an industry leader in developing piping products for the oil and gas industry.  I went through multiple interview rounds, and finally received and accepted an offer to work at their Houston, Texas-based research and development center this summer! IAP I AM GOING TO BE AN EMT!  Since I was 16, I have wanted to train to be an EMT.  However, I was too young to begin training, so I became a firefighter instead.  I still got to ride in the ambulance on calls to help with carrying items and patients, but I am so excited to finally be able to help to a greater extent, as well as further help people on hall who get injured and have better judgement of when people need to go to the emergency room. The training is a lot of work classes 9am-6pm Monday to Friday plus extra trainings and tests but it is something that I have wanted to do for a really long time and I am so excited to help people.  I really do miss it, and I hope that I can make a difference. All in All Sophomore slump exists.  It is the awful truth that last semester was pretty sucky.  It was emotionally, physically, and mentally draining, but I learned so much and I am really excited for the future.  Next semester will really be awesome.  I am finally going to take some business classes, and I am considering changing my major slightly so that I can take a greater variety and quantity of business classes and take advantage of the incredible opportunities that MITs Sloan business school has to offer. The Future The future is looking brighter and brighter with each step I take and new thing I learn.  The journey there is really tough, but I am excited to see what comes next. And of course I will end this blog post with a cat picture!  This is Muffin, a recent visitor to hall!  An animal shelter found him in a bulldozer and now he lives with the sister of Lilika M. 16.  He is six months old and giant. Sophomore Slump My second year of college just ended. I’ve been trying to think of a good post to write on the occasion, or some significant reflection on my halfway point at MIT. Usually when I sit down to write a blog post, I like to have things sort of figured out in my mind, so I can say something profound or at least informative on the subject. But the truth is, as a student halfway through college, I still haven’t figured out most things, and in the last few months, I feel like I’ve lost my way more than I’ve found it. So instead I’m going to write about that. Last semester was pretty tough. I went through a rough breakup. I felt like my circle of friends was shrinking. Even though I was taking 51 units, my semester felt unusually lightâ€"probably because the variety in my classes (algorithms, software design, French, and costume design) helped avoid the sensation of burnout. I questioned if I was pushing myself hard enough or if I was doing enough things around campus. But at the same time, I didn’t feel inspired by the extracurriculars I was doing. Basically, I felt like I was stagnating. I’m writing about this because I know I’m not the only one who feels this way. I’m pretty sure everyone goes through something similar at some point. From talking to friends and other people at MIT, I know that “sophomore slump” is a real thing. In general, I think everyone goes through times where things don’t feel like they’re falling into place and you need to make changes to be happy with your situation. I think it helps a lot to know that there are other people in the same boat, and that feeling out of it sometimes isn’t a sign of failure or personal mismanagement. I’ve realized in the past semester that I can be really hard on myself. Sometimes I don’t give myself enough credit for the things I’m doing well, or I blame myself when stuff don’t turn out the way I intended. Obviously, beating up on myself just makes things worse. Sometimes the best thing to do is to cut myself a break and realize that it’s ok to feel uncertain and discouraged. And sometim es, the best thing I can do for myself is have enough faith in myself to move forward. I’ve been trying to keep myself really open to new opportunities and new friendships and I try to take chances to enjoy myself. I hope the main takeaway from reading this is that it’s common to feel stuck in a rut at times, and there are ways to get out of it. Even though I felt somewhat lost last semester, some new doors were opening. I got closer to some of my old friends and started making new ones. (It turns out, language classes are a great way to meet people.) There was one week where I had three in-depth, multiple-hour-long conversations with people I barely knew. It was awesome. I found a UROP for next year that I’m really excited about. Its in a lab that is a supportive community of collaborative, hardworking people, with a work culture that matches my style of getting things done in a way I haven’t encountered in other research projects. I’m really looking forward to diving deep into academic study in a way that goes beyond just taking classes. As the end of the semester neared, I couldnt wait to get started at my summer internship. I worked really hard during the fall to get a good job, and I found a position that matched the type of technical work I was looking for, in a company whose workplace culture was a great fit for my personality, with offices in New York City. I was really looking forward to the change of scene and meeting a class of interns from all over the country. Last week, I had just taken my final exam and packed up all my belongings into storage, and was preparing to get on a plane home (with a suitcase full of clothes suited for a New York summer), when I got a phone call. The company was cancelling its internship program because of financial duress. Two weeks before my projected start date, I suddenly had no job. The next week and a half was incredibly stressful but also unexpectedly exciting. I am really lucky that I had so many people willing to work with me at the last minute to find new placement for the summer, and I’m really thankful for those in the tech world who tried to find new positions for the displaced interns. I was really touched by the people who reached out to me and offered their support and advice. On the afternoon I received the call, I had no idea what I would do with my summer. Twenty-four hours later, I was in contact with over a dozen companies who were still looking for summer interns, from the enormous to the tiny, working in all sorts of industries with all kinds of technology. Suddenly, I was in a really interesting position: I had the opportunity to redo my entire internship search, with another semester’s wisdom under my belt to decide what I was looking for. But that’s exactly the question…what was I looking for? As any college student can tell you, that’s a really scary question. What do you want to do for the rest of your life? What kind of work do you want to dedicate yourself to, and with who? Where do you see your career heading, this summer, next summer, and for the next however many years? I don’t know. But I have some ideas. And that’s exactly what internships are forâ€"to test out visions of what you might want your career to look like, and to see how off the mark you are. So I took a stab at pegging my future, and tried out a couple of hypotheses. I looked into small, early-stage start-ups, because I’m excited by the fast-paced environment and ability to make an impact, and I could see myself starting a company someday. I focused on companies that are doing interesting things in an active field of research, because I want to get involved in areas that having an exciting intellectual and applied future. And, since I am a student after all, I looked for positions that would give me exposure to technical areas I haven’t seen before to provide a good engineering foundation. After a long week of interviewing, I accepted a position at a company that fits all these criteria. It’s something of a risk. It’s really different from my job last summer, which means I don’t know if I’ll like it…but I guess that’s the point. I start on Monday. :) Ultimately, getting dumped from my internship was probably a blessing in disguise. It was stressful and a disappointment at first, but it gave me the chance to think about my experience for this summer in a methodological way, and I ended up finding a job that will probably be better for my development than the one I had originally. I remember that right before starting sophomore year, I was really eager to go back to MIT because of new experiences I could see waiting there for me. My hope is to feel the same way as an incoming junior. I can already identify new opportunities for next school year and this summer that I’m really excited about. There are also some areas of uncertainty  and some things I am going to have to work on. Compared to the beginning of the school year, in some dimensions I’m closer to where I want to be, and in some places I’ve slipped. But that’s life. Hopefully in the long run I’ll come out better for my experiences last semester and in the ones that are coming. Post Tagged #sophomore year

Good Reasons to Transfer to a Different College

America, Where Are You - 1831 Words

Helen Rivera 4/02/2015 Professor Adejumo POS2112 Education: America, Where are you? The American Dream. â€Å"That dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.† - James Truslow Adams, 1931. (The American Dream. What Is The American Dream?) But are we living that dream? In America, freedom is the epitome of what it means to be American with the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, and the freedom to have an education. Our founding father, Thomas Jefferson, knew that having an educated citizenry was essential for a thriving democracy (Maglebe 210). But even though this country is based on a life that â€Å"should be better and richer and†¦show more content†¦(Ryan). These scores are mediocre compared to the educational powerhouses like Singapore, Korea and Finland. So why is the U.S. struggling to keep up in education? It appears to be due to the way the education system is set up. In order to understand the probable issues with the system, you need to first understand how the system works. Students typically start school around the age of three or four. They spend six years in elementary school, three years in middle school, and four years in high school. From there, they can either choose to continue their education in either vocational school, at a community college, or at a university. There is access to a free public education in grades K-12, but without financial aid, college can be very costly. There are a lot of government financial aid programs, but each year the cost of tuition increases, making it harder for some individuals to receive a college education. As for the administration of public education, there are several different levels on how schools are managed. There are public institutions that are managed in part by the national administration, but primarily by the state and local government. In terms of education, it is necessary for it to be governed locally because of the different needs that each district may face. Since some schools are in wealthier neighborhoods, they may score better than others that may be in much poorer neighborhoods. Public schools are funded

The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven Free Essays

Chapter Eleven Armor When they returned to the ship, Farder Coram and John Faa and the other leaders spent a long time in conference in the saloon, and Lyra went to her cabin to consult the alethiome-ter. Within five minutes she knew exactly where the bear’s armor was, and why it would be difficult to get it back. She wondered whether to go to the saloon and tell John Faa and the others, but decided that they’d ask her if they wanted to know. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven or any similar topic only for you Order Now Perhaps they knew already. She lay on her bunk thinking of that savage mighty bear, and the careless way he drank his fiery spirit, and the loneliness of him in his dirty lean-to. How different it was to be human, with one’s daemon always there to talk to! In the silence of the still ship, without the continual creak of metal and timber or the rumble of the engine or the rush of water along the side, Lyra gradually fell asleep, with Pantalaimon on her pillow sleeping too. She was dreaming of her great imprisoned father when suddenly, for no reason at all, she woke up. She had no idea what time it was. There was a faint light in the cabin that she took for moonlight, and it showed her new cold-weather furs that lay stiffly in the corner of the cabin. No sooner did she see them than she longed to try them on again. Once they were on, she had to go out on deck, and a minute later she opened the door at the top of the compan-ionway and stepped out. At once she saw that something strange was happening in the sky. She thought it was clouds, moving and trembling under a nervous agitation, but Pantalaimon whispered: â€Å"The Aurora!† Her wonder was so strong that she had to clutch the rail to keep from falling. The sight filled the northern sky; the immensity of it was scarcely conceivable. As if from Heaven itself, great curtains of delicate light hung and trembled. Pale green and rose-pink, and as transparent as the most fragile fabric, and at the bottom edge a profound and fiery crimson like the fires of Hell, they swung and shimmered loosely with more grace than the most skillful dancer. Lyra thought she could even hear them: a vast distant whispering swish. In the evanescent delicacy she felt something as profound as she’d felt close to the bear. She was moved by it; it was so beautiful it was almost holy; she felt tears prick her eyes, and the tears splintered the light even further into prismatic rainbows. It wasn’t long before she found herself entering the same kind of trance as when she consulted the alethiometer. Perhaps, she thought calmly, whatever moves the alethiometer’s needle is making the Aurora glow too. It might even be Dust itself. She thought that without noticing that she’d thought it, and she soon forgot it, and only remembered it much later. And as she gazed, the image of a city seemed to form itself behind the veils and streams of translucent color: towers and domes, honey-colored temples and colonnades, broad boulevards and sunlit parkland. Looking at it gave her a sense of vertigo, as if she were looking not up but down, and across a gulf so wide that nothing could ever pass over it. It was a whole universe away. But something was moving across it, and as she tried to focus her eyes on the movement, she felt faint and dizzy, because the little thing moving wasn’t part of the Aurora or of the other universe behind it. It was in the sky over the roofs of the town. When she could see it clearly, she had come fully awake and the sky city was gone. The flying thing came closer and circled the ship on outspread wings. Then it glided down and landed with brisk sweeps of its powerful pinions, and came to a halt on the wooden deck a few yards from Lyra. In the Aurora’s light she saw a great bird, a beautiful gray goose whose head was crowned with a flash of pure white. And yet it wasn’t a bird: it was a daemon, though there was no one in sight but Lyra herself. The idea filled her with sickly fear. The bird said: â€Å"Where is Farder Coram?† And suddenly Lyra realized who it must be. This was the daemon of Serafina Pekkala, the clan queen, Farder Coram’s witch friend. She stammered to reply: â€Å"I – he’s – I’ll go and get him†¦.† She turned and scampered down the companionway to the cabin Farder Coram occupied, and opened the door to speak into the darkness: â€Å"Farder Coram! The witch’s daemon’s come! He’s waiting on the deck! He flew here all by hisself – I seen him coming in the sky – â€Å" The old man said, â€Å"Ask him to wait on the afterdeck, child.† The goose made his stately way to the stern of the ship, where he looked around, elegant and wild simultaneously, and a cause of fascinated terror to Lyra, who felt as though she were entertaining a ghost. Then Farder Coram came up, wrapped in his cold-weather gear, closely followed by John Faa. Both old men bowed respectfully, and their daemons also acknowledged the visitor. â€Å"Greetings,† said Farder Coram. â€Å"And I’m happy and proud to see you again, Kaisa. Now, would you like to come inside, or would you prefer to stay out here in the open?† â€Å"I would rather stay outside, thank you, Farder Coram. Are you warm enough for a while?† Witches and their daemons felt no cold, but they were aware that other humans did. Farder Coram assured him that they were well wrapped up, and said, â€Å"How is Serafina Pekkala?† â€Å"She sends her greetings to you, Farder Coram, and she is well and strong. Who are these two people?† Farder Coram introduced them both. The goose daemon looked hard at Lyra. â€Å"I have heard of this child,† he said. â€Å"She is talked about among witches. So you have come to make war?† â€Å"Not war, Kaisa. We are going to free the children taken from us. And I hope the witches will help.† â€Å"Not all of them will. Some clans are working with the Dust hunters.† â€Å"Is that what you call the Oblation Board?† â€Å"I don’t know what this board may be. They are Dust hunters. They came to our regions ten years ago with philosophical instruments. They paid us to allow them to set up stations in our lands, and they treated us with courtesy.† â€Å"What is this Dust?† â€Å"It comes from the sky. Some say it has always been there, some say it is newly falling. What is certain is that when people become aware of it, a great fear comes over them, and they’ll stop at nothing to discover what it is. But it is not of any concern to witches.† â€Å"And where are they now, these Dust hunters?† â€Å"Four days northeast of here, at a place called Bolvangar. Our clan made no agreement with them, and because of our longstanding obligation to you, Farder Coram, I have come to show you how to find these Dust hunters.† Farder Coram smiled, and John Faa clapped his great hands together in satisfaction. â€Å"Thank you kindly, sir,† he said to the goose. â€Å"But tell us this: do you know anything more about these Dust hunters? What do they do at this Bolvangar?† â€Å"They have put up buildings of metal and concrete, and some underground chambers. They burn coal spirit, which they bring in at great expense. We don’t know what they do, but there is an air of hatred and fear over the place and for miles around. Witches can see these things where other humans can’t. Animals keep away too. No birds fly there; lemmings and foxes have fled. Hence the name Bolvangar: the fields of evil. They don’t call it that. They call it ‘the station.’ But to everyone else it is Bolvangar.† â€Å"And how are they defended?† â€Å"They have a company of Northern Tartars armed with rifles. They are good soldiers, but they lack practice, because no one has ever attacked the settlement since it was built. Then there is a wire fence around the compound, which is filled with anbaric force. There may be other means of defense that we don’t know about, because as I say they have no interest for us.† Lyra was bursting to ask a question, and the goose dasmon knew it and looked at her as if giving permission. â€Å"Why do the witches talk about me?† she said. â€Å"Because of your father, and his knowledge of the other worlds,† the daemon replied. That surprised all three of them. Lyra looked at Farder Coram, who looked back in mild wonder, and at John Faa, whose expression was troubled. â€Å"Other worlds?† John Faa said. â€Å"Pardon me, sir, but what worlds would those be? Do you mean the stars?† â€Å"Indeed no.† â€Å"Perhaps the world of spirits?† said Farder Coram. â€Å"Nor that.† â€Å"Is it the city in the lights?† said Lyra. â€Å"It is, en’t it?† The goose turned his stately head toward her. His eyes were black, surrounded by a thin line of pure sky-blue, and their gaze was intense. â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"Witches have known of the other worlds for thousands of years. You can see them sometimes in the Northern Lights. They aren’t part of this universe at all; even the furthest stars are part of this universe, but the lights show us a different universe entirely. Not further away, but interpenetrating with this one. Here, on this deck, millions of other universes exist, unaware of one another†¦.† He raised his wings and spread them wide before folding them again. â€Å"There,† he said, â€Å"I have just brushed ten million other worlds, and they knew nothing of it. We are as close as a heartbeat, but we can never touch or see or hear these other worlds except in the Northern Lights.† â€Å"And why there?† said Farder Coram. â€Å"Because the charged particles in the Aurora have the property of making the matter of this world thin, so that we can see through it for a brief time. Witches have always known this, but we seldom speak of it.† â€Å"My father believes in it,† Lyra said. â€Å"I know because I heard him talking and showing pictures of the Aurora.† â€Å"Is this anything to do with Dust?† said John Faa. â€Å"Who can say?† said the goose daemon. â€Å"All I can tell you is that the Dust hunters are as frightened of it as if it were deadly poison. That is why they imprisoned Lord Asriel.† â€Å"But why?† Lyra said. â€Å"They think he intends to use Dust in some way in order to make a bridge between this world and the world beyond the Aurora.† There was a lightness in Lyra’s head. She heard Farder Coram say, â€Å"And does he?† â€Å"Yes,† said the goose daemon. â€Å"They don’t believe he can, because they think he is mad to believe in the other worlds in the first place. But it is true: that is his intention. And he is so powerful a figure that they feared he would upset their own plans, so they made a pact with the armored bears to capture him and keep him imprisoned in the fortress of Svalbard, out of the way. Some say they helped the new bear king to gain his throne, as part of the bargain.† Lyra said, â€Å"Do the witches want him to make this bridge? Are they on his side or against him?† â€Å"That is a question with too complicated an answer. Firstly, the witches are not united. There are differences of opinion among us. Secondly, Lord Asriel’s bridge will have a bearing on a war being waged at the present between some witches and various other forces, some in the spirit world. Possession of the bridge, if it ever existed, would give a huge advantage to whoever held it. Thirdly, Serafina Pekkala’s clan – my clan – is not yet part of any alliance, though great pressure is being put on us to declare for one side or another. You see, these are questions of high politics, and not easily answered.† â€Å"What about the bears?† said Lyra. â€Å"Whose side are they on?† â€Å"On the side of anyone who pays them. They have no interest whatever in these questions; they have no daemons; they are unconcerned about human problems. At least, that is how bears used to be, but we have heard that their new king is intent on changing their old ways†¦.At any rate, the Dust hunters have paid them to imprison Lord Asriel, and they will hold him on Svalbard until the last drop of blood drains from the body of the last bear alive.† â€Å"But not all bears!† Lyra said. â€Å"There’s one who en’t on Svalbard at all. He’s an outcast bear, and he’s going to come with us.† The goose gave Lyra another of his piercing looks. This time she could feel his cold surprise. Farder Coram shifted uncomfortably, and said, â€Å"The fact is, Lyra, I don’t think he is. We heard he’s serving out a term as an indentured laborer; he en’t free, as we thought he might be, he’s under sentence. Till he’s discharged he won’t be free to come, armor or no armor; and he won’t never have that back, either.† â€Å"But he said they tricked him! They made him drunk and stole it away!† â€Å"We heard a different story,† said John Faa. â€Å"He’s a dangerous rogue, is what we heard.† â€Å"If – † Lyra was passionate; she could hardly speak for indignation. † – if the alethiometer says something, I know it’s true. And I asked it, and it said that he was telling the truth, they did trick him, and they’re telling lies and not him. I believe him, Lord Faa! Farder Coram – you saw him too, and you believe him, don’t you?† â€Å"I thought I did, child. I en’t so certain of things as you are.† â€Å"But what are they afraid of? Do they think he’s going to go round killing people as soon’s he gets his armor on? He could kill dozens of ’em now!† â€Å"He has done,† said John Faa. â€Å"Well, if not dozens, then some. When they first took his armor away, he went a rampaging round looking for it. He tore open the police house and the bank and I don’t know where else, and there’s at least two men who died. The only reason they didn’t shoot to kill him is because of his wondrous skill with metals; they wanted to use him like a laborer.† â€Å"Like a slave!† Lyra said hotly. â€Å"They hadn’t got the right!† â€Å"Be that as it may, they might have shot him for the killings he done, but they didn’t. And they bound him over to labor in the town’s interest until he’s paid off the damage and the blood money.† â€Å"John,† said Farder Coram, â€Å"I don’t know how you feel, but it’s my belief they’ll never let him have that armor back. The longer they keep him, the more angry he’ll be when he gets it.† â€Å"But if we get his armor back, he’ll come with us and never bother ’em again,† said Lyra. â€Å"I promise, Lord Faa.† â€Å"And how are we going to do that?† â€Å"I know where it is!† There was a silence, in which they all three became aware of the witch’s daemon and his fixed stare at Lyra. All three turned to him, and their own daemons too, who had until then affected the extreme politeness of keeping their eyes modestly away from this singular creature, here without his body. â€Å"You won’t be surprised,† said the goose, â€Å"to know that the alethiometer is one other reason the witches are interested in you, Lyra. Our consul told us about your visit this morning. I believe it was Dr. Lanselius who told you about the bear.† â€Å"Yes, it was,† said John Faa. â€Å"And she and Farder Coram went theirselves and talked to him. I daresay what Lyra says is true, but if we go breaking the law of these people we’ll only get involved in a quarrel with them, and what we ought to be doing is pushing on towards this Bolvangar, bear or no bear.† â€Å"Ah, but you en’t seen him, John,† said Farder Coram. â€Å"And I do believe Lyra. We could promise on his behalf, maybe. He might make all the difference.† â€Å"What do you think, sir?† said John Faa to the witch’s daemon. â€Å"We have few dealings with bears. Their desires are as strange to us as ours are to them. If this bear is an outcast, he might be less reliable than they are said to be. You must decide for yourselves.† â€Å"We will,† said John Faa firmly. â€Å"But now, sir, can you tell us how to get to Bolvangar from here?† The goose daemon began to explain. He spoke of valleys and hills, of the tree line and the tundra, of star sightings. Lyra listened awhile, and then lay back in the deck chair with Pantalaimon curled around her neck, and thought of the grand vision the goose daemon had brought with him. A bridge between two worlds†¦This was far more splendid than anything she could have hoped for! And only her great father could have conceived it. As soon as they had rescued the children, she would go to Svalbard with the bear and take Lord Asriel the alethiometer, and use it to help set him free; and they’d build the bridge together, and be the first across†¦. Sometime in the night John Faa must have carried Lyra to her bunk, because that was where she awoke. The dim sun was as high in the sky as it was going to get, only a hand’s breadth above the horizon, so it must be nearly noon, she thought. Soon, when they moved further north, there would be no sun at all. She dressed quickly and ran on deck to find nothing very much happening. All the stores had been unloaded, sledges and dog teams had been hired and were waiting to go; everything was ready and nothing was moving. Most of the gyp-tians were sitting in a smoke-filled cafe facing the water, eating spice cakes and drinking strong sweet coffee at the long wooden tables under the fizz and crackle of some ancient anbaric lights. â€Å"Where’s Lord Faa?† she said, sitting down with Tony Costa and his friends. â€Å"And Farder Coram? Are they getting the bear’s armor for him?† â€Å"They’re a talking to the sysselman. That’s their word for governor. You seen this bear, then, Lyra?† â€Å"Yeah!† she said, and explained all about him. As she talked, someone else pulled a chair up and joined the group at the table. â€Å"So you’ve spoken to old lorek?† he said. She looked at the newcomer with surprise. He was a tall, lean man with a thin black moustache and narrow blue eyes, and a perpetual expression of distant and sardonic amusement. She felt strongly about him at once, but she wasn’t sure whether it was liking she felt, or dislike. His daemon was a shabby hare as thin and tough-looking as he was. He held out his hand and she shook it warily. â€Å"Lee Scoresby,† he said. â€Å"The aeronaut!† she exclaimed. â€Å"Where’s your balloon? Can I go up in it?† â€Å"It’s packed away right now, miss. You must be the famous Lyra. How did you get on with lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"You know him?† â€Å"I fought beside him in the Tunguska campaign. Hell, I’ve known lorek for years. Bears are difficult critters no matter what, but he’s a problem, and no mistake. Say, are any of you gentlemen in the mood for a game of hazard?† A pack of cards had appeared from nowhere in his hand. He riffled them with a snapping noise. â€Å"Now I’ve heard of the card power of your people,† Lee Scoresby was saying, cutting and folding the cards over and over with one hand and fishing a cigar out of his breast pocket with the other, â€Å"and I thought you wouldn’t object to giving a simple Texan traveler the chance to joust with your skill and daring on the field of pasteboard combat. What do you say, gentlemen?† Gyptians prided themselves on their ability with cards, and several of the men looked interested and pulled their chairs up. While they were agreeing with Lee Scoresby what to play and for what stakes, his daemon flicked her ears at Pantalaimon, who understood and leaped to her side lightly as a squirrel. She was speaking for Lyra’s ears too, of course, and Lyra heard her say quietly, â€Å"Go straight to the bear and tell him direct. As soon as they know what’s going on, they’ll move his armor somewhere else.† Lyra got up, taking her spice cake with her, and no one noticed; Lee Scoresby was already dealing the cards, and every suspicious eye was on his hands. In the dull light, fading through an endless afternoon, she found her way to the sledge depot. It was something she knew she had to do, but she felt uneasy about it, and afraid, too. Outside the largest of the concrete sheds the great bear was working, and Lyra stood by the open gate to watch. lorek Byrnison was dismantling a gas-engined tractor that had crashed; the metal covering of the engine was twisted and buckled and one runner bent upward. The bear lifted the metal off as if it were cardboard, and turned it this way and that in his great hands, seeming to test it for some quality or other, before setting a rear paw on one corner and then bending the whole sheet in such a way that the dents sprang out and the shape was restored. Leaning it against the wall, he lifted the massive weight of the tractor with one paw and laid it on its side before bending to examine the crumpled runner. As he did so, he caught sight of Lyra. She felt a bolt of cold fear strike at her, because he was so massive and so alien. She was gazing through the chain-link fence about forty yards from him, and she thought how he could clear the distance in a bound or two and sweep the wire aside like a cobweb, and she almost turned and ran away; but Pantalaimon said, â€Å"Stop! Let me go and talk to him.† He was a tern, and before she could answer he’d flown off the fence and down to the icy ground beyond it. There was an open gate a little way along, and Lyra could have followed him, but she hung back uneasily. Pantalaimon looked at her, and then became a badger. She knew what he was doing. Daemons could move no more than a few yards from their humans, and if she stood by the fence and he remained a bird, he wouldn’t get near the bear; so he was going to pull. She felt angry and miserable. His badger claws dug into the earth and he walked forward. It was such a strange tormenting feeling when your daemon was pulling at the link between you; part physical pain deep in the chest, part intense sadness and love. And she knew it was the same for him. Everyone tested it when they were growing up: seeing how far they could pull apart, coming back with intense relief. He tugged a little harder. â€Å"Don’t, Pan!† But he didn’t stop. The bear watched, motionless. The pain in Lyra’s heart grew more and more unbearable, and a sob of longing rose in her throat. â€Å"Pan – â€Å" Then she was through the gate, scrambling over the icy mud toward him, and he turned into a wildcat and sprang up into her arms, and they were clinging together tightly with little shaky sounds of unhappiness coming from them both. â€Å"I thought you really would – â€Å" â€Å"No – â€Å" â€Å"I couldn’t believe how much it hurt – â€Å" And then she brushed the tears away angrily and sniffed hard. He nestled in her arms, and she knew she would rather die than let them be parted and face that sadness again; it would send her mad with grief and terror. If she died, they’d still be together, like the Scholars in the crypt at Jordan. Then girl and daemon looked up at the solitary bear. He had no daemon. He was alone, always alone. She felt such a stir of pity and gentleness for him that she almost reached out to touch his matted pelt, and only a sense of courtesy toward those cold ferocious eyes prevented her. â€Å"lorek Byrnison,† she said. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Lord Faa and Farder Coram have gone to try and get your armor for you.† He didn’t move or speak. It was clear what he thought of their chances. â€Å"I know where it is, though,† she said, â€Å"and if I told you, maybe you could get it by yourself, I don’t know.† â€Å"How do you know where it is?† â€Å"I got a symbol reader. I think I ought to tell you, lorek Byrnison, seeing as they tricked you out of it in the first place. I don’t think that’s right. They shouldn’t’ve done that. Lord Faa’s going to argue with the sysselman, but probably they won’t let you have it whatever he says. So if I tell you, will you come with us and help rescue the kids from Bolvangar?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She didn’t mean to be nosy, but she couldn’t help being curious. She said, â€Å"Why don’t you just make some more armor out of this metal here, lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"Because it’s worthless. Look,† he said, and, lifting the engine cover with one paw, he extended a claw on the other hand and ripped right through it like a can opener. â€Å"My armor is made of sky iron, made for me. A bear’s armor is his soul, just as your daemon is your soul. You might as well take him away† – indicating Pantalaimon – â€Å"and replace him with a doll full of sawdust. That is the difference. Now, where is my armor?† â€Å"Listen, you got to promise not to take vengeance. They done wrong taking it, but you just got to put up with that.† â€Å"All right. No vengeance afterwards. But no holding back as I take it, either. If they fight, they die.† â€Å"It’s hidden in the cellar of the priest’s house,† she told him. â€Å"He thinks there’s a spirit in it, and he’s been a trying to conjure it out. But that’s where it is.† He stood high up on his hind legs and looked west, so that the last of the sun colored his face a creamy brilliant yellow white amid the gloom. She could feel the power of the great creature coming off him like waves of heat. â€Å"I must work till sunset,† he said. â€Å"I gave my word this morning to the master here. I still owe a few minutes’ work.† â€Å"The sun’s set where I am,† she pointed out, because from her point of view it had vanished behind the rocky headland to the southwest. He dropped to all fours. â€Å"It’s true,† he said, with his face now in shadow like hers. â€Å"What’s your name, child?† â€Å"Lyra Belacqua.† â€Å"Then I owe you a debt, Lyra Belacqua,† he said. He turned and lurched away, padding so swiftly across the freezing ground that Lyra couldn’t keep up, even running. She did run, though, and Pantalaimon flew up as a seagull to watch where the bear went and called down to tell her where to follow. Iorek Byrnison bounded out of the depot and along the narrow street before turning into the main street of the town, past the courtyard of the sysselman’s residence where a flag hung in the still air and a sentry marched stiffly up and down, down the hill past the end of the street where the witch consul lived. The sentry by this time had realized what was happening, and was trying to gather his wits, but lorek Byrnison was already turning a corner near the harbor. People stopped to watch or scuttled out of his careering way. The sentry fired two shots in the air, and set off down the hill after the bear, spoiling the effect by skidding on the icy slope and only regaining his balance after seizing the nearest railings. Lyra was not far behind. As she passed the syssel-man’s house, she was aware of a number of figures coming out into the courtyard to see what was going on, and thought she saw Farder Coram among them; but then she was past, hurtling down the street toward the corner where the sentry was already turning to follow the bear. The priest’s house was older than most, and made of costly bricks. Three steps led up to the front door, which was now hanging in matchwood splinters, and from inside the house came screams and the crashing and tearing of more wood. The sentry hesitated outside, his rifle at the ready; but then as passers-by began to gather and people looked out of windows from across the street, he realized that he had to act, and fired a shot into the air before running in. A moment later, the whole house seemed to shake. Glass broke in three windows and a tile slid off the roof, and then a maidservant ran out, terrified, her clucking hen of a daemon flapping after her. Another shot came from inside the house, and then a full-throated roar made the servant scream. As if fired from a cannon, the priest himself came hurtling out, with his pelican daemon in a wild flutter of feathers and injured pride. Lyra heard orders shouted, and turned to see a squad of armed policemen hurrying around the corner, some with pistols and some with rifles, and not far behind them came John Faa and the stout, fussy figure of the sysselman. A rending, splintering sound made them all look back at the house. A window at ground level, obviously opening on a cellar, was being wrenched apart with a crash of glass and a screech of tearing wood. The sentry who’d followed lorek Byrnison into the house came running out and stood to face the cellar window, rifle at his shoulder; and then the window tore open completely, and out climbed lorek Byrnison, the bear in armor. Without it, he was formidable. With it, he was terrifying. It was rust-red, and crudely riveted together: great sheets and plates of dented discolored metal that scraped and screeched as they rode over one another. The helmet was pointed like his muzzle, with slits for eyes, and it left the lower part of his jaw bare for tearing and biting. The sentry fired several shots, and the policemen leveled their weapons too, but lorek Byrnison merely shook the bullets off like raindrops, and lunged forward in a screech and clang of metal before the sentry could escape, and knocked him to the ground. His daemon, a husky dog, darted at the bear’s throat, but lorek Byrnison took no more notice of him than he would of a fly, and dragging the sentry to him with one vast paw, he bent and enclosed his head in his jaws. Lyra could see exactly what would happen next: he’d crush the man’s skull like an egg, and there would follow a bloody fight, more deaths, and more delay; and they would never get free, with or without the bear. Without even thinking, she darted forward and put her hand on the one vulnerable spot in the bear’s armor, the gap that appeared between the helmet and the great plate over his shoulders when he bent his head, where she could see the yellow-white fur dimly between the rusty edges of metal. She dug her fingers in, and Pantalaimon instantly flew to the same spot and became a wildcat, crouched to defend her; but lorek Byrnison was still, and the riflemen held their fire. â€Å"lorek!† she said in a fierce undertone. â€Å"Listen! You owe me a debt, right. Well, now you can repay it. Do as I ask. Don’t fight these men. Just turn around and walk away with me. We want you, lorek, you can’t stay here. Just come down to the harbor with me and don’t even look back. Farder Coram and Lord Faa, let them do the talking, they’ll make it all right. Leave go this man and come away with me†¦.† The bear slowly opened his jaws. The sentry’s head, bleeding and wet and ash-pale, fell to the ground as he fainted, and his dsmon set about calming and gentling him as the bear stepped away beside Lyra. No one else moved. They watched the bear turn away from his victim at the bidding of the girl with the cat daemon, and then they shuffled aside to make room as lorek Byrnison padded heavily through the midst of them at Lyra’s side and made for the harbor. Her mind was all on him, and she didn’t see the confusion behind her, the fear and the anger that rose up safely when he was gone. She walked with him, and Pantalaimon padded ahead of them both as if to clear the way. When they reached the harbor, lorek Byrnison dipped his head and unfastened the helmet with a claw, letting it clang on the frozen ground. Gyptians came out of the cafe, having sensed that something was going on, and watched in the gleam of the anbaric lights on the ship’s deck as lorek Byrnison shrugged off the rest of his armor and left it in a heap on the quayside. Without a word to anyone he padded to the water and slipped into it without a ripple, and vanished. â€Å"What’s happened?† said Tony Costa, hearing the indignant voices from the streets above, as the townsfolk and the police made their way to the harbor. Lyra told him, as clearly as she could. â€Å"But where’s he gone now?† he said. â€Å"He en’t just left his armor on the ground? They’ll have it back, as soon’s they get here!† Lyra was afraid they might, too, for around the corner came the first policemen, and then more, and then the sysselman and the priest and twenty or thirty onlookers, with John Faa and Farder Coram trying to keep up. But when they saw the group on the quayside they stopped, for someone else had appeared. Sitting on the bear’s armor with one ankle resting on the opposite knee was the long-limbed form of Lee Scoresby, and in his hand was the longest pistol Lyra had ever seen, casually pointing at the ample stomach of the sysselman. â€Å"Seems to me you ain’t taken very good care of my friend’s armor,† he said conversationally. â€Å"Why, look at the rust! And I wouldn’t be surprised to find moths in it, too. Now you just stand where you are, still and easy, and don’t anybody move till the bear comes back with some lubrication. Or I guess you could all go home and read the newspaper. ‘S up to you.† â€Å"There he is!† said Tony, pointing to a ramp at the far end of the quay, where lorek Byrnison was emerging from the water, dragging something dark with him. Once he was up on the quayside he shook himself, sending great sheets of water flying in all directions, till his fur was standing up thickly again. Then he bent to take the black object in his teeth once more and dragged it along to where his armor lay. It was a dead seal. â€Å"lorek,† said the aeronaut, standing up lazily and keeping his pistol firmly fixed on the sysselman. â€Å"Howdy.† The bear looked up and growled briefly, before ripping the seal open with one claw. Lyra watched fascinated as he laid the skin out flat and tore off strips of blubber, which he then rubbed all over his armor, packing it carefully into the places where the plates moved over one another. â€Å"Are you with these people?† the bear said to Lee Scoresby as he worked. â€Å"Sure. I guess we’re both hired hands, lorek.† â€Å"Where’s your balloon?† said Lyra to the Texan. â€Å"Packed away in two sledges,† he said. â€Å"Here comes the boss.† John Faa and Farder Coram, together with the sysselman, came down the quay with four armed policemen. â€Å"Bear!† said the sysselman, in a high, harsh voice. â€Å"For now, you are allowed to depart in the company of these people. But let me tell you that if you appear within the town limits again, you will be treated mercilessly.† lorek Byrnison took not the slightest notice, but continued to rub the seal blubber all over his armor, the care and attention he was paying the task reminding Lyra of her own devotion to Pantalaimon. Just as the bear had said: the armor was his soul. The sysselman and the policemen withdrew, and slowly the other townspeople turned and drifted away, though a few remained to watch. John Faa put his hands to his mouth and called: â€Å"Gyptians!† They were all ready to move. They had been itching to get under way ever since they had disembarked; the sledges were packed, the dog teams were in their traces. John Faa said, â€Å"Time to move out, friends. We’re all assembled now, and the road lies open. Mr. Scoresby, you all a loaded?† â€Å"Ready to go, Lord Faa.† â€Å"And you, lorek Byrnison?† â€Å"When I am clad,† said the bear. He had finished oiling the armor. Not wanting to waste the seal meat, he lifted the carcass in his teeth and flipped it onto the back of Lee Scoresby’s larger sledge before donning the armor. It was astonishing to see how lightly he dealt with it: the sheets of metal were almost an inch thick in places, and yet he swung them round and into place as if they were silk robes. It took him less than a minute, and this time there was no harsh scream of rust. So in less than half an hour, the expedition was on its way northward. Under a sky peopled with millions of stars and a glaring moon, the sledges bumped and clattered over the ruts and stones until they reached clear snow at the edge of town. Then the sound changed to a quiet crunch of snow and creak of timber, and the dogs began to step out eagerly, and the motion became swift and smooth. Lyra, wrapped up so thickly in the back of Farder Coram’s sledge that only her eyes were exposed, whispered to Pantalaimon: â€Å"Can you see lorek?† â€Å"He’s padding along beside Lee Scoresby’s sledge,† the daemon replied, looking back in his ermine form as he clung to her wolverine-fur hood. Ahead of them, over the mountains to the north, the pale arcs and loops of the Northern Lights began to glow and tremble. Lyra saw through half-closed eyes, and felt a sleepy thrill of perfect happiness, to be speeding north under the Aurora. Pantalaimon struggled against her sleepiness, but it was too strong; he curled up as a mouse inside her hood. He could tell her when they woke, and it was probably a marten, or a dream, or some kind of harmless local spirit; but something was following the train of sledges, swinging lightly from branch to branch of the close-clustering pine trees, and it put him uneasily in mind of a monkey. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Eleven, Essay examples

Global Marketing Report A Case Study of Electrolux Group

Question: Discuss about the Global Marketing Reportfor a Case Study of Electrolux Group. Answer: Introduction to WA, Perth Electrolux Increased international agreements, concessions, technology and best practices have increasingly opened the global market(Greatorex 2014). It has led to more demand of goods and services making businesses to strategize in order to exploit the opportunities(Curtin 2014). Electrolux is a well-known global leader in supply of home appliances suitable to business and household needs. The group headquarters is in Stockholm, Sweden with several of its branches stores found across countries including Perth Australia. The group offers well designed, innovative and long lasting business solutions to its esteemed customers. Examples of the solutions offered include dishwashers, cookers, air conditioners, refrigerators and domestic appliances. Majority of the groups products are kitchen appliances used for storage, food preparation and dish washing functions(Hanlon 2015). Majority of world restaurant business are equipped with Electrolux products. The group has continued to employ competitive strategies that have helped them to control the market share and increase its customer base(Bhardwaj, Nitin, and Niharika Maharshi. 2014). They are strategically well placed to increase close collaboration with consumer needs and preferences. Electrolux group have different outlets stores hosted in number of countries including in Perth Australia. The group is currently selling over 60 million products yearly in more than 150 countries in the world. It has been in operation since 1919 and it has remained stable ever since currently it employs more than 55000 employees with a sales turnover of 121 billion dollars yearly. The statistics clearly shows that Electrolux is employing competitive local business strategies in marketing its products(Hollensen 2015). WA, Perth Electrolux and Marketing Mix Business organizations are tasked with responsibility of ensuring that the marketing strategies they employ are effective and competitive(Heagney 2016). Marketing is about a process of creating value of customers and understanding the environment in which they operate(Schlegelmilch, Bodo B 2013). Marketing managers need to provide marketing mix solutions relevant to the business environment needs(Khan 2014). Marketing mix (7Ps) contains different combinations for products, price, process, promotion, people, place and physical address(Bhardwaj, Nitin, and Niharika Maharshi. 2014). Manipulation of this different mix results to several marketing outputs for organizations(Voegtlin, Christian, Moritz Patzer, and Andreas Georg Scherer 2012). Over the years WA, Perth Electrolux group have been using different marketing mix in addition to best practices to cover local business needs. The increasing pace in local markets for households related products resulting from changes in technology, and increased consumer power as prompted Electrolux group to change marketing strategies to tap opportunities and increasing market demands. The local market growth in 2016 was estimated at 70% of the total market volume this is an increase from 50% from the previous year. The 20% increase in local market growth accounts for 30% of Electrolux sales for the year 2016. Electrolux group performance nationally is based on the combination of the market mix it employs to increase and control its market share. The demand of local made appliances led WA, Perth to change marketing strategies. Marketing Mix of Product, Price and Product The increasing trend in local consumer power has influenced WA, Perth Electrolux products volumes and brands. The customers are well informed on the type of products they want and amount they are willing to part with. That has made WA, Perth Electrolux group to employ a marketing mix of price, process and product to ensure that customer needs are met. Different products have been provided for the market they include AEG, Zanussi, Frigidaire, Molteni, Wasting house and Grand cuisine. To be able to meet different consumer needs and preference the brands were designed and manufactured based on consumer insights and professional users opinions(Hurwitz, M., Hurwitz, S 2013). The pricing differentials of the brands are classified to three types of markets luxury, premium and mass markets(Scholes 2015). To ensure that the brands are of the required quality the company has focused on continuous improvement in its manufacturing processes and methods. Quality control is achieved through emplo ying the best techniques that improve its cost structures, methods, processes and culture(Wirtz, Jochen, and Christopher Lovelock. 2016). Marketing Mix of Product and Place WA, Perth Electrolux group is aiming at promoting customer experience locally. This is achieved by giving the different consumers the best experience when using the products(Wu, Shwu-Ing, and Ting-Ru Lin 2014). The group is employing product and place market mix to achieve customer experience of its products(De Mooij 2013). There is clear need to understand what the consumer requires in different localities. That is possible by obtaining information from extensive research on how best they should develop products. WA, Perth Electrolux group have employed a substantial amount of the budget for product development through research and development unit. The group product brand is based on three innovation metric of great tasting foods, care for your clothes, and healthy well-being. To ensure that place is taken in consideration different customer preferences and needs from different local regions are considered. Electrolux have designed a platform of local projects that deal with produc t development suitable to specific local needs. The aim of such projects is to provide a more resource efficient products for customers located in different regions of the country(Ferigotti, C. M., Cunha, S. K., Fernandes, B. H. R 2016). It is reported that WA, Perth Electrolux is currently having 15 development centers found in the local market. Marketing Mix of Product, Process and Promotion The WA, Perth Electrolux group is aiming to maintain operational excellence in its provision of products and services both locally. Operational excellence is achieved by the group management through process, promotion and product market mix(Curtin 2014). The goal of achieving this is by having a competitive cost structure through continuous improvements in variable costs by using best technologies and methods. Quality and superior products brands can be achieved if better automation and modernization are used(Ye, Chen, Sanjeev Jha, and Kevin C. Desouza. 2015). Electrolux have implemented new initiatives that have increased efficiency, reduced costs and improved product brands. The new developed products are acceptable to the market. Example of process-product process employed by the group is the modularization program a standardized global platform for new products focused at lowering costs for products and allows flexible penetration to more local markets. Marketing Mix of Physical Address and Promotion Another marketing strategy that WA, Perth Electrolux is employing is on the combination physical address and promotional marketing mix. The group has divided its market into different segments in different regions and states in the country. Both this markets are characterized with different needs and preferences. The segmentation of the market helps the group management team serve the markets better. Other regions have differing conditions that makes the organization to specific design products to meet the conditions. In specific market segments the purchasing power has increased because larger population is the home-owning age the group need to focus on mass production and distribution strategies. Market segmentation is useful in trying to meet the varying needs of different localities(Baker 2014). The Electrolux group is lifted higher from a number of its strong brands in its portfolio of products. Any creation of a brand forms a valuable component in promoting consumer confidence and trust(Baker 2014). Through its research and development unit the group has been able to provide strong brands to its professional users. The use of brand is a representation of promotion physical address, and product marketing mix. The brand use by the group is guided by the philosophy that if one buys the product will have a specific unique experience. WA, Perth Electrolux is enjoying is enjoying a market share from each brand type because each provides promises of innovation, quality and leadership. Examples of brands that have been accepted locally and internationally are AEG and Frigidaire. Other brands are specific to countries and fields for example Molteni which is liked by professional chefs. Strong brands are useful tools for organizations because it simplifies marketing function and red uces costs(LI 2015). Marketing Mix of People and Promotion Marketing strategies employed by businesses can only work if only they are planned, co-ordinated, controlled, guided and executed(Heagney 2016). These functions are made possible if only the organization is represented by the right staff. Human resources are part of the market mix that will ensure that other components of the mix work(Lehdonviita 2014). WA, Perth Electrolux is guided by the concept of talent and teamship promotion, good leadership and rightful culture and ethics among its staff. The Group strives to have the right employs recruited who could add value by bringing new ideas and innovation to the business. Teamship is promoted in the organization by ensuring every one works towards one unified goals, collaborates and engages each other. The leadership index of the company grew from 60% (2015) to 70% (2016) that was a good indication of future and current guidance. Marketing executives and salespersons have been trained well showing the required organizational culture. The human dynamics has helped the group to perform well in how they carry out their local business. WA, Perth Electrolux Local Marketing Management The WA, Perth Electrolux group management is ensuring that it controls and maintains the market share locally by employing suitable strategies and techniques. The group has designed a customer driven strategy this has enable them to select customer to serve, selecting value propositions and coming up with market orientations. The main local strategic focus of WA, Perth Electrolux as focused at profitability growth by creating national business strategies that cover innovations, operational excellence and transformative initiatives. The group is also focusing at controlling the national branding rights(Schlegelmilch, Bodo B 2013). In addition to its national core business the group provides a brand licensing to more of its 50 brands. By developing and managing the brand licensing it enables other business across to exploit opportunities and strengthen their own business. The management of the business is able to maintain its national product niche by employing pricing strategies that consumers do not complain because they capture customer value. The licensing of brand is suitable for the group in identifying the niche brand suitable to market group. The business is able to maintain and define its business portfolio this is by collecting all range of products and planning the future of these portfolios. There are a number of initiatives and activities that WA, Perth Electrolux group is focusing in the coming future to meet local needs. The management focuses on using recycled materials, help feed the planet, keeping hospital infections away, having bright ideas for better food, and being a world climate leader. The national innovation and strategies employed by management team of the group is guided by the concepts. The group is able to maintain business at local level due to its recognized leadership. The leadership and management of Electrolux group need to provide managerial professional code of practice that it focuses to achieve. The group is able to maintain its market because it employs direct marketing because they are able to connect direct with consumers and obtaining feedback immediately. The management provided national promises which include: constantly improve on the product, make better use of resources, elimination of harmful materials, ensuring better safety and health is maintained, and creating a sustainable solution for every user. The group through the promises is able to strengthen its national small domestic appliances. The company is maintaining its local market by specializing on priorities this is by coming up with innovative products, strengthening positives, creation of new brands and product categories, and targeting new markets. The business group is able to develop new products but also manage the product life cycle of the existing products(Asker 2013). Conclusion In conclusion the performance of WA, Perth Electrolux group is characterized with better marketing strategies, best business practices and good leadership which make them to be product leader in kitchen related appliances. The way they conduct their business defines a formal business that can focus on future needs of their customers. The best practice on how business is conducted local and national is to employ better business strategies that will ensure growth of the business and maintenance of the market share. Bibliography Asker, S. "On complex dynamics of monopoly market." Economic modelling 31, no. 1 (2013): 586-589. Baker, Michael J. Marketing strategy and management. Atlanta: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Bhardwaj, Nitin, and Niharika Maharshi. ""Interplay of 7Ps of Marketing Mix in Customer Acquisition: An Empirical Study of Retail Banking." 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